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The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements(ENCODE) Consortium is an international collaboration of research groups funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI).The goal of ENCODE is to build a comprehensive parts list of functional elements in the human genome, including elements that act at the protein and RNA levels, and regulatory elements that control cells and circumstances in which a gene is active.

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ENCODE results from 2007 and later are available from the ENCODE Project Portal,encodeproject.org.This covers data generated during the two production phases 2007-2012and 2013-present. The ENCODE Project Portal also hosts additionalENCODE access tools, and ENCODE project pages including up-to-date information about data releases, publications, and upcoming tutorials.

UCSC coordinated data for the ENCODE Consortium from its inception in 2003 (Pilot phase) to the end of the first 5 year phase of whole-genome data production in 2012. All data produced by ENCODE investigators and the results of ENCODE analysis projects from this period are hosted in the UCSC Genome browser and database.Explore ENCODE data using the image links below or via the left menu bar.All ENCODE data at UCSC are freely available for download and analysis.

A General encoder's block diagram.

An encoder (or 'simple encoder') in digital electronics is a one-hot to binary converter. That is, if there are 2n input lines, and at most only one of them will ever be high, the binary code of this 'hot' line is produced on the n-bit output lines. A binary encoder is the dual of a binary decoder.

C'mon over to where you can learn PLC programming faster and easier than you ever thought possible! The Competition. While there are many excellent video encoding options on the Mac, most of them cost quite a bit of money. Evom is a free option, although it isn't comparable to Handbrake in. By Tony Bove iTunes gives you a choice of encoders for importing your music. Your choice of encoders is perhaps the most important decision to make before starting to rip music CDs and building your library. Choose iTunes→Preferences→General (Mac) or Edit→Preferences→General (Windows).

For example, a 4-to-2 simple encoder takes 4 input bits and produces 2 output bits. The illustrated gate level example implements the simple encoder defined by the truth table, but it must be understood that for all the non-explicitly defined input combinations (i.e., inputs containing 0, 2, 3, or 4 high bits) the outputs are treated as don't cares.[1]

Gate level circuit diagram of a single bit 4-to-2 line encoder
4 to 2 Simple Encoder
I3I2I1I0O1O0ع
0000xx0
0001001
0010011
0100101
1000111

If the input circuit can guarantee at most a single-active input, a simple encoder is a better choice than a priority encoder, since it requires less logic to implement. However, a simple encoder can generate an incorrect output when more than a single input is active, so a priority encoder is required in such cases.

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Types of encoder[edit]

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2n{displaystyle 2^{n}}-to-n encoders[edit]

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A 2n{displaystyle 2^{n}}-to-n encoder has n number of outputs in correspondence to the 2n{displaystyle 2^{n}} number of inputs. It thus reduces the number of transmission lines and can be compared to a multiplexer. Only one of the inputs become 'high' (logic state '1') at a time.

Some typical examples would be 4:2 encoder, 8:3 encoder, 16:4 encoders etc.

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4-to-2 encoder[edit]

A simple 4:2 Encoder using OR gate.

8-to-3 encoder[edit]

The image represents a 8:3 encoder. 4-input OR gates have been used for simplicity; one can also use 3 2-input OR gates.
A Truth Table representing 8:3 Encoder.
INPUTOUTPUT
d[7]d[6]d[5]d[4]d[3]d[2]d[1]d[0]o[2]o[1]o[0]
00000000XXX
00000001000
00000010001
00000100010
00001000011
00010000100
00100000101
01000000110
10000000111

See also[edit]

  • Multiplexer (MUX)

References[edit]

  1. ^'Binary Encoders And Their Applications'. Electronics Hub. 2015-06-29. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
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